The recent years have witnessed the explosion of number of horizontal wells that are being drilled around the world. Drilling of horizontal wells presents challenges not only for operators, but also for well planners. The framework of questions to be addressed include “What are the present challenges associated with drilling horizontal wells?” and “What are the advancements in technologies needed to meet the challenges?” Although several challenges are inherently present, the presentation will particularly ponder the following primary drilling challenges: Drillstring integrity, Hydraulics management, Wellbore integrity and Well placement.